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What do Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Sean “Diddy” Combs, Julia Child, Thomas Edison, Princes William and Harry, and Anne Frank have in common? They were all educated in a Montessori-based school. When deciding what type of program to send your child to, there are many factors to consider. There are daycare programs, home-based schools, and preschools. The educational approach and philosophy used by the school should be part of your decision....

A mouth swab drug test is a screening tool used to detect the presence of certain substances in your system using your saliva. This type of test is quickly becoming one of the most popular screening tools for drugs because of the ease with which it can be done. It offers almost instant results and is generally low-cost. It is also less invasive than some common tests used to detect substances, such as a urine or blood test....

As it turned out, there was no week 37, 38, 39 or 40 in my second pregnancy. My baby boy, Julian Hector, joined his big sister Liv about a month early after an unplanned Cesarean section. During the course of this pregnancy, we’d navigated through a chromosome disorder diagnosis, I’d undergone treatment for HELLP Syndrome (for a second time), and ultimately Julian had been freed from the umbilical cord that had been wrapped around his neck and affecting his heart rate during labor....

Children may take any number of tests as they grow and advance through school. Many are designed to gauge where they are developmentally and at what age or grade their learning ability lies. These tests may result in an age-equivalent or grade-equivalent test score. What does that mean, and are these reliable in measuring how well your child is doing in school? This is a topic of debate in school psychology, and it can certainly be confusing for parents....

In the conditioning process, stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. For example, if a child has been conditioned to fear a stuffed white rabbit, it will exhibit a fear of objects similar to the conditioned stimulus such as a white toy rat. One famous psychology experiment perfectly illustrated how stimulus generalization works. In the classic Little Albert experiment, researchers John B....

School physicals are a chore on many parents’ back-to-school to-do lists. But simply making a doctor appointment and showing up is not likely enough. Typically there is paperwork that needs to be obtained by the parent, filled out by the doctor and sent in either by the parent or doctor’s office. And the requirements for back-to-school medical forms will vary from grade to grade and state to state. Not only does this information vary from state to state and district-to-district, but it will also be different for private versus public schools....

Do you wind down with your favorite tipple after the workday? While alcohol is often associated with negative health effects, moderate drinking may provide stress relief that can potentially benefit your heart health, according to new research. Key Takeaways Brain scans show that stress signals are lowest among people who drink moderately, which may explain potential benefits of alcohol on heart health.Despite the possible advantages of alcohol, heavy drinking still comes with risks to your physical and mental health....

Round ligament pain, which affects between 10% to 30% of pregnant people, is a common discomfort of pregnancy. During the second trimester, the ligament that runs from your uterus to your groin is stretched, causing a sharp, stabbing pain or dull, achy pain. Round ligament pain usually comes on suddenly when you change positions, cough, sneeze, or laugh, and typically goes away quickly. Other than causing discomfort, it is not harmful to you or the health of your baby....

Researchers have proposed a number of different theories to understand the nature of love, and many have even attempted to devise ways to measure such feelings. It was social psychologist Zick Rubin who was one of the first researchers to develop an instrument designed to empirically measure love. This article discusses Rubin’s scales measuring liking and loving and his theories of the main components of love. Rubin’s Elements of Love According to Rubin, romantic love is made up of three elements:...

Poverty is a complex issue that can stem from a variety of reasons that are too difficult for young children to understand. But even though issues surrounding hunger and homelessness are complicated, it’s important to talk to kids about poverty. If you are a parent who doesn’t often worry about putting food on the table or having a warm place for your child to go to sleep, wrapping your arms around this conversation may be quite difficult....

Testing for chromosomal abnormalities after a miscarriage is usually not indicated after a first miscarriage but may be suggested after recurrent pregnancy loss. However, it is up to the pregnant person to decide when and if to do this testing. The most common reason for a miscarriage is some sort of chromosome abnormality that causes the pregnancy to not be viable. That sounds scary, but in fact, for most couples who’ve gone through the pain of such a loss the odds are high they’ll go on to conceive again and ultimately have a healthy baby....

Women eating a balanced and varied diet can typically meet the majority of their vitamin and mineral needs from food alone. However, individual supplements, or a thoughtfully chosen multivitamin, can be helpful to treat diagnosed deficiencies and to help support increased needs through certain stages of life. Multivitamins may benefit those who may become pregnant, women who are post-menopausal, people following restrictive diets who limit certain food groups, and those with medical conditions that lead to decreased absorption....

A strong immune system can help you ward off illnesses and recover more quickly. Eating a well balanced diet including a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, protein-rich foods, and probiotic-rich foods is key to a healthy immune system. It’s also important to engage in other health-promoting habits, including getting regular exercise (balanced with adequate rest), managing stress, and getting seven to eight hours of sleep per night...

A men’s multivitamin may be helpful if you need help meeting your vitamin and mineral requirements or if you have a nutrient deficiency. This may apply to you if you are following a restricted diet, have reduced intake from lack of appetite or illness, have increased needs from high levels of physical activity, have a gastrointestinal disease, have undergone gastrointestinal surgery, are on certain medications that affect your vitamin and mineral levels, or have alcohol use disorder....

Year-round school calendars offer the same 160 to 180 days of schooling as the traditional nine-month school calendar. The difference is that the school vacations are distributed over the year rather than primarily in the summer. The long summer break is believed to have been created to ensure children were home to help parents harvest crops on family farms, a need that is no longer relevant for most families. While the year-round schedule is not what most adults remember from their own school experience, it may not be as challenging or undesirable as some assume it to be....

Hot weather often comes with safety precautions pertaining to physical health. Yet the recent heatwave that has impacted the western United States also poses a very real threat to mental health. Studies show that such levels of heat can make people more aggressive, depressed, and generally mentally ill. Key Takeaways Recent studies show that heat waves generally exacerbate mental health concerns.Suicides are known to increase during times of more heat.Marginalized groups like the elderly are even more vulnerable....

There’s something incredibly calming about immersing yourself in nature, breathing in the fresh air around you. Whether it’s a long bike ride, a stroll through your local park, or hiking a beautiful mountain, it’s hard to feel too bad with a lot of flora around you. But sometimes, frolicking in nature may not be an option. Key Takeaways While there’s no substitute for physically experiencing nature, virtual reality may be a suitable replacement....

What Is Individuation? When discussing human development, individuation refers to the process of forming a stable personality. As a person individuates, they gain a clearer sense of self that is separate from their parents and others around them. Carl Jung used the term “individuation” extensively in his work on personality development. This process of developing a separate identity is an important goal of adolescence, but it is something that continues throughout a person’s life....

Cutting the umbilical cord can be a joyous moment in a person’s life—symbolically breaking the link from the baby’s internal womb world to extrauterine life. How to do it is something that people have given a lot of thought to in recent years, with many more moms and their partners deciding to help take part in the birth. What Is an Umbilical Cord? The umbilical cord, which is the connection between your baby and the placenta, is typically made up of two arteries and one vein and covered in a thick gelatinous substance known as Wharton’s Jelly....

When you keep your kids from taking risks, you are taking a risk of your own—with your child’s health. Research shows that one way kids grow and learn is by having permission and opportunities to venture into the unknown: to climb high, wander independently, use grown-up tools, and bike down a hill as fast as they can. While it’s natural to want to keep your child safe, the chance of injuries may actually be worth it in exchange for emotional and physical confidence....