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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is also classified as a psychiatric condition. According to Lang and colleagues, ADHD consists of “behavioral and neuropathological deficits” that cause impaired attention, impulsive behaviors, and hyperactivity, which are more easily identified in children. Most research pertaining to ADHD focuses on children and adolescents. However, ADHD symptoms do persist throughout an individual’s life producing limitations in social functioning, professional obligations, and relationships, but managing symptoms lessen these effects....

Looking for a strong, traditional name for your baby boy? Jack might be the perfect pick for you. The name Jack is a derivative of John, which originated in medieval England. The name went from John to Johnkin to Jankin to Jackin to, you guessed it, Jack. There is also a theory that Jack is Celtic in origin, meaning “healthy, strong, and full of vital energy.” Interestingly, the name was so common in the Middle Ages that Jack became a generic term for a man....

Pumping breast milk is not a new trend or phenomenon. In fact, women have been expressing breast milk to feed their babies since the 1500s and they have been using breast pumps to assist them for almost two centuries. Until recently, though, some breast pumps on the market were ineffective, making them frustrating to use and often resulting in early weaning. But, advances in pump design and effectiveness have created options for women to express milk from both breasts in as little as 15 minutes using a double pump, which allows them to continue expressing milk for months....

Popular wisdom suggests that younger parents may have more energy to keep up with young children while older parents have more resources and experience to care for kids. Could your age as a parent have an impact on how your kids develop and are there really an ideal age to have kids in order to have the best conditions for child development? Research suggests that there are potential benefits as well as drawbacks to having kids at different age periods in your life....

Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis and is sometimes considered the father of modern psychology. His ideas and concepts attempted to explain the dynamics of the unconscious mind. According to Freud’s structural theory, the mind consists of three parts: the id, ego, and superego. What Is a Phobia? A phobia is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little real danger but provokes anxiety and avoidance....

The severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms can change over time, and therefore, it is important to recognize PTSD early warning signs that may indicate your symptoms are being triggered or worsening. How to Identify Early Warning Signs Managing the symptoms of PTSD takes a lot of effort and the regular use of healthy coping skills. Sometimes stressful experiences or changes in mood may make it difficult to keep up these healthy coping skills....

Unfortunately, on any given day in places all around the world, you’re likely to find at least one story in the news about a teen behaving violently. Whether it’s a gang fight or a violent act against a stranger, the reasons behind the violence vary. Quite often, there are a variety of factors that come together to increase the likelihood that a teen will become violent. Individual Risk Factors A history of abuse, neglect, and trauma play a significant role in increasing aggressive or violent behavior....

For some people, their marriage is a source of joy and happiness. For others, the relationship they have with their spouse brings about feelings of emotional hurt and pain. This article is not about hurts caused by physical or emotional abuse. If you are in a marriage that includes domestic abuse, please seek professional and legal help. If your marriage hurts you emotionally and you want to save it, it can be helpful to understand what’s behind the hurt and how it impacts your life....

What Is Sex Addiction Therapy? While sex addiction has yet to receive its official stamp of recognition as addictive behavior, it has been acknowledged as a behavioral challenge that could require proper control. Sex addiction therapy refers to the psychological and pharmaceutical measures used to manage an excessive relationship with sex. A person may seek this therapy to manage obsessive sexual fantasies, interests, or behaviors that affect their daily life and functioning....

What Is Sleep Talking? Sleep talking is usually harmless and does not require treatment. Most people who sleep talk do not remember doing it. However, if sleep talking is frequent and disrupts your sleep or the sleep of others, it may be a sign of an underlying sleep disorder such as restless leg syndrome or sleep apnea. In these cases, treatment may be necessary. Sleep Talking Sleep talking, also known as somniloquy, is a relatively common phenomenon among children....

Being a teenager is tough for most children, as they struggle to figure out their place in the world while processing the effects of raging hormones. Add low self-esteem and poor body image, and depression becomes a very real risk. A study from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) published in BMJ Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health confirmed this link between body dissatisfaction and depression in adolescents and young adults....

In the second trimester, doctors typically conduct a number of prenatal screening tests that can detect a variety of different chromosomal and congenital conditions in the fetus. The conditions being screened for can vary heavily in their prognosis. Children with some of these conditions, such as Down syndrome and mild to moderate neural tube defects, can be born alive and live a normal lifespan—although they may have developmental, physical, or cognitive disabilities....

Pre-workout food and supplements can help support training and performance by providing fuel, hydration, and other potentially beneficial ingredients like caffeine. What and how much you need to eat before a workout depends on a variety of factors, including the type of workout, your training or performance goals, when and what you last ate, and hydration status. “In general, a pre-workout supplement should have easy-to-digest carbs since they are the primary fuel source for exercise....

When preparing for a hike, one simple tool you’ll want on the trail is a pair of walking sticks, also known as “trekking poles.” Not to be confused with ski poles, walking sticks can be crucial in maintaining safe posture, reducing fatigue, and preventing injuries. The support of walking sticks improves balance and stability while strengthening upper back muscles, and takes a load off your lower back, hips, and knees. Peter Walker, a hiking guide from Ryder Walker Alpine Adventures based in Telluride, Colorado, got his start as a guide in Switzerland where everyone carried trekking poles, “even the young ones with presumably indestructible knees," he says....

For those who smoke, smoking is associated with pleasure and comfort. Some might even say that they love smoking. Some think of cigarettes as close friends that have seen them through the ups and downs of their lives. In reality, cigarettes are full of toxins. If you’ve been smoking for a while, however, you may have learned to use cigarettes as a coping mechanism for everything from excitement and happiness to boredom or even anger....

The end of pregnancy can seem like an eternity. The closer you get to your due date, and especially when you’re past your due date, the more the days seem to drag on and on. This isn’t made any easier when people ask you when you were due or how many babies you’re carrying. Fortunately, there are many ways to stay occupied when you are waiting for your overdue baby—and even a few ways you might be able to jumpstart labor....

Breastfeeding a premature baby is one of a preemie mom’s most important jobs. Although nursing a preemie is not always easy, following these tips can help you get your preemie breastfeeding experience off to a good start. Pump Early, Often, and Well You may not be able to breastfeed right away if your baby is born early. Premature babies can’t always nurse effectively. Moms breastfeeding a premature baby often need to pump breast milk that can be fed to their babies via a feeding tube....

It’s that time of year again! Valentine’s Day is fast approaching and you’ve opened up your child’s backpack to find the dreaded class list and directive to make sure everybody gets a card. If you’re like many parents, you’re groaning and wondering why your child has to give a Valentine’s Day card to everyone. Here’s the answer to that question and five more common questions about Valentine’s Day at school....

What Is a Treatment Plan? Treatment plans are usually updated on a regular basis, often every six months or so, to allow for changes in your priorities and to reflect on the progress you have made. Treatment Plan In therapy, a treatment plan refers to the specific goals you have for therapy and interventions your therapist might use to help you reach these goals. Typically, a treatment plan is created early on in the therapeutic process, and it serves as a guideline to drive your sessions in a way that fits with what you hope to achieve....

Working as a psychotherapist means living a life of sacred privilege. Those who are hurting, have survived unthinkable trauma, and may even be considering ending their lives turn to us with trust and a belief that we can help. When we do our job within the scope of our legal and ethical boundaries, we have the gift of seeing lives change. However, when we step outside of our scope of competency, we can cause more harm than good....