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During your pregnancy, you may worry about the pain of childbirth. Most expecting mothers do. And, while some want to have a natural, medication-free birth, many women welcome medication to relieve pain. Doctors use different types of pain medication during labor and delivery. Butorphanol, also called Stadol, is one option. Here’s what you need to know about the effectiveness and safety of butorphanol during childbirth. Stadol During Labor Stadol is the brand name of a pain reliever developed and sold by the Bristol Myers Squibb pharmaceutical company....

The Asch conformity experiments were a series of psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. The experiments revealed the degree to which a person’s own opinions are influenced by those of a group. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. What Is Conformity? Do you think of yourself as a conformist or a non-conformist?...

It may seem like yesterday when your young child went off to kindergarten. Now, they are getting ready to attend a middle school graduation ceremony, which kicks off the official beginning of high school. How did it happen so fast? Marking the Milestone While some middle schools organize an official graduation ceremony for their graduating students, other schools may do something a bit more informal, for instance, a school assembly for students and teachers....

My symptoms around the sixth month of my second pregnancy took an interesting turn: The good news was that I felt less nauseous than I had in the beginning. The bad news was that I became way more irritable. And by irritable, I mean angry. I never felt anything like this in my first pregnancy. There were days when most everything in my sight irritated me, and the feelings would run up my neck and straight through my head in a rush of ridiculous, nose-burning annoyance....

Having a child run away from home is every parent’s worst nightmare. Even more shocking is the fact that almost all teens have thought about running away at least once. They just don’t all follow through with it. It’s important to remember that teens who run away are just like every other teen. They aren’t bad kids. They just have made a bad decision. They got themselves caught up in something or are feeling pressures that they felt the need to escape from....

People get pregnant at many different times in their lives. Many of these pregnancies occur when people are in their 20s. This is considered to be one of the healthiest periods of time to get pregnant. It also happens to coincide with a time when many people are getting married, finding relationships, and settling down—often making it the perfect time for a pregnancy. While the numbers are declining in the birth rate overall—and for ages 20 to 24—the rate is up slightly in the late 20s, defined as 25 to 29....

Schizophrenia is a mental health condition characterized by a broad range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and symptoms of psychosis. The disorder used to be divided into several subtypes; however, experts believe that what might have been considered subtypes instead make up a spectrum of conditions that fit under an umbrella known as schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition that can significantly affect a person’s ability to think and behave....

If your kids are headed back to in-person learning this year, you may be feeling completely relieved. Of course, you might also feel a little sad after getting used to having them around during the day for so long. Either way, heading back to the classroom is likely going to be beneficial for their learning and for their mental health. Both the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend a return to in-person learning, saying that it is much more effective than distance learning....

Doctors often consider fetal viability the point at which a baby can be resuscitated at delivery and can survive without significant morbidity. Many times this age of viability is about 24 weeks gestation. Many pregnant women, especially those who have previously experienced a pregnancy loss, anxiously await this milestone—and breathe a sigh of relief once they reach it. But pinpointing when a fetus is viable is complicated, and many factors affect premature infant survival and outcomes....

Many parents ask how long their child should stay in a rear-facing car seat. Actually, there’s not an exact timeline, as kids will transition at different ages. The rule of thumb is that children should be in rear-facing car seats for as long as possible, to the height or weight limits of the car seat. Once one limit (height or weight) is reached, the child is too big for the seat; it is dangerous to exceed one limit even if the child is still within the other limit....

To some parents, the news that their teen isn’t going to graduate on time may come as a complete shock. For others, it’s the news they’ve been dreading for quite some time. For a teen who thought they were going to get their diploma, learning they won’t graduate on time may mean they won’t get to follow through with their plans to join the military, go to college, or get a job....

As leaves change color and the weather begins to crisp, opportunities for fall activities arise. Whether it is sweater weather in your neck of the woods or not, the autumn season is ripe with fun perfect for kids and grown-ups alike. For our Perspectives series, we are interviewing diverse families from around the country on how they’re planning to have fun throughout the fall. Apple picking is top on the list for those with access to farms and orchards that grow the fruit....

Running on a treadmill certainly has its benefits—it’s easy to control your pace, and you don’t have to worry about staying safe in low-light conditions or bad weather. But it’s crucial to wear the right shoes for optimal comfort and performance, as well as protection from injuries. “On the treadmill, you are trying to simulate, as best you can, running on roads,” Scott Peacock, director of coaches for San Antonio Road Runners and a Rock ‘n’ Roll Running Series ambassador, says....

Collagen is a protein found naturally in our bodies. It’s used for many important jobs, like making connective tissue, bone, skin, muscles, cartilage, and tendons. While our bodies make their own collagen, research has shown that there can be benefits from taking a collagen supplement, and each type of collagen is associated with different potential benefits. In supplements, you’ll most commonly see types I and III associated with skin benefits, type II associated with joint pain alleviation, and type I associated with supporting bone mineral density....

If you have a 9-year-old at home, you may find yourself engaged in long, detailed conversations about saving the whales or whether there should be an additional day added to the weekend. You might feel happy and proud to see your child becoming more thoughtful about these types of issues, while also feeling a little overwhelmed by their passionate discussions about them. Nine-year-olds are maturing emotionally and becoming more cognitively advanced....

When a miscarriage happens, sometimes the hardest people to talk to about it are your other children. Depending on the age of your kids and whether you told them about the pregnancy, you may need to say something. Talking to Kids About Pregnancy Loss Even as the parent, it might be hard to figure out what to say. Here are some things to keep in mind when talking to your kids about a miscarriage or stillbirth....

When a child misbehaves, whether the problematic behavior is throwing a temper tantrum, hitting another kid, or ignoring instructions, you may be inclined to scold them or take away certain privileges. But disciplining a child with autism may require a different approach. Traditional discipline techniques aren’t always effective for a child with autism. Depending on where they fall on the spectrum, they might struggle to understand consequences or handle harsh reprimands....

There are a lot of rumors that float around about what predicts the need for a cesarean section or C-section. One of those has to do with the size of a woman’s shoe. Does a woman’s shoe size really predict the need for a cesarean section? Does Anything Predict the Need for a C-Section? The truth is no, no matter what anyone tries to tell you at a baby shower or in the doctor’s office waiting room, your shoe size does not predict the need for cesarean section....

What Is Cabin Fever? There are times you might find it difficult to leave home, such as during times of illness or bad weather. While you might feel fine at first, extended periods of being confined to your home can eventually lead to feelings associated with cabin fever, such as anxiety, loneliness, and poor mood. Learning how to recognize these signs can help you look for ways to cope. Cabin Fever...

Books are fundamental in teaching our children about the world. Whether they’re learning their ABCs or unwinding before bed with a fairytale, many important life lessons can be traced back to storytime. Love, diversity, and acceptance are among many of the themes to focus on in June—otherwise known as Pride month! These 10 LGTBQ+ children’s books will help you and your family celebrate Pride and continue to honor the impact of the LGBTQ+ community wherever you go....