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Children of all ages experience stress and anxiety, but they will respond to it differently depending on their age, personality, and even their personal coping mechanisms. It can be difficult for parents, especially for parents of toddlers, to recognize signs of stress or anxiety in their children. It can be even more difficult to know what to do. Spotting Signs of Stress in Toddlers (And How to Help) Even small, seemingly unimportant changes can make it hard for a toddler to feel at ease....

Sleep is one of the main pillars of a child’s physical and emotional well-being, but many parents will be able to relate to the frustration of a kid who just won’t go to sleep or wakes several times during the night. It’s not unusual—up to 50% of children experience a sleep problem at some point. Key Takeaways Kids need an adequate amount of sleep for optimum physical, mental, and emotional health....

Magnesium glycinate is a dietary supplement used to boost magnesium levels in the body. Magnesium helps to maintain bone health and growth. You can read on to learn more about this compound, how to get it and take it, its benefits, and how it affects your sleep. Moreover, you may have heard that magnesium glycinate can act as a sleep aid. However, there’s not a lot of scientific evidence to support this notion....

In today’s polarized ideological climate, we’re much more likely to encounter defensive behavior—or feel defensive ourselves—in the tense conversations that surround more sensitive subjects. Key Takeaways Defensive behavior can hurt our relationships, personal well-being, and ability to make decisions.A recent study looked at defensiveness in response to wrongdoing and the ways in which we can reduce the behavior. Topics like COVID-19 vaccines or election politics have elicited strong opinions. And pointing out another’s wrongdoing can often be perceived as a personal attack, fanning the flames of heated discussions and escalated behavioral responses....

You may think of Clomid as primarily a female fertility drug—and it’s true that it only has FDA approval for treatment of female infertility. But Clomid can be used to treat some cases of male infertility. These cases are considered “off-label” use. Overview Clomid may help male fertility in a few ways. It can help increase sperm count levels and correct hormonal imbalances. It can also help you avoid IVF or surgical treatment....

Prozac (fluoxetine) is an antidepressant used to treat a variety of disorders, including major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders, and some eating disorders. You may experience Prozac withdrawal for a couple of months after stopping this drug, while your brain adjusts to lower levels of serotonin. Prozac Withdrawal Timeline The good news is that among the SSRIs, Prozac is the least likely to cause withdrawal symptoms. The reason for this is Prozac’s long half-life....

Self-concept is the image we have of ourselves. It is influenced by many forces, including our interaction with important people in our lives. Learn more about self-concept, including whether it can be changed and a few theories related to self-identity and self-perception. Other examples of self-concept include: Self-Concept Self-concept is how we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and unique characteristics. For example, beliefs such as “I am a good friend” or “I am a kind person” are part of an overall self-concept....

Each year, an estimated 6 to 7.5 million people are stalked in the United States. Aside from causing emotional and psychological distress, stalking also can lead to physical and sexual violence. For this reason, it’s important that people who are being stalked understand what stalking is, know how to stay safe and understand their legal options. Here is everything you need to know about stalking and what you can do to stay safe....

What causes vomiting and diarrhea? What is the best way to treat it? Are the rumors that flat Coke and flat 7 UP true? Causes of Vomiting and Diarrhea in Children Infections, especially viral infections, are among the most common causes of diarrhea and vomiting in children. Most of the time a typical child with diarrhea and vomiting has a simple viral infection. These may include rotavirus infection, which usually affects children under the age of 5 and others....

Spending all day on your feet can be an incredibly uncomfortable experience. But for nurses, it’s often part of the job. “Nurses spend most of the day on their feet on hard floors,” Sarah Anderson, N.P., founder of PEAK Integrative Wellness, says. “All the walking and standing puts a lot of pressure and stress on the legs.” And over time, that stress can cause pain, discomfort, and swelling, she says....

When people are coping with difficult emotions, whether its feelings of anxiety or sadness, they often turn to others for advice and love. Social support can play an important role in mental well-being, which is why it can be so important for people who are experiencing symptoms of panic disorder. Because of the nature of the condition, panic disorder can often cause social isolation. If you have a loved one or an acquaintance who has panic disorder, there are things that you can do to be a supportive friend....

There have been a number of cases of feral children raised in social isolation with little or no human contact. Few have captured public and scientific attention like that of a young girl called Genie Wiley. She spent almost her entire childhood locked in a bedroom, isolated and abused for over a decade. Genie’s case was one of the first to put the critical period theory to the test. Could a child reared in utter deprivation and isolation develop language?...

There’s a lot for children to worry about when they’re getting ready to begin middle school, and gym class is usually at the top of the list. Gym or physical education (P.E.) class can be very different in middle school than it is in elementary school, and because tweens are so self-conscious, gym class is often the most feared part of the day for middle schoolers. If your child is dreading gym, there’s plenty you can do to help....

Pearly penile papules are small round bumps along the rim of the head of the penis. While seeing small bumps on their penis may be alarming for a teen, these bumps (or papules) are generally nothing to worry about. If your teen is sexually active, they might be afraid they have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). However, these bumps are completely normal and not a sign of infection (note that other types of bumps may be due to infection and need medical treatment) or uncleanliness....

Celebrities such as Anderson Cooper, Kim Kardashian West, and Elizabeth Banks have all spoken openly about their experience using surrogacy to have children. Now, New Yorkers can more easily pursue surrogacy themselves. Key Takeaways As of February 15, 2021, gestational surrogacy is legal in New York State.Gestational surrogacy is when a surrogate is not biologically related to the baby they are carrying and is an option for parents who are unable to carry the baby to term themselves....

During a panic attack or sudden anxiety episode, the fight-or-flight response is activated, which can lead to an intense cascade of uncomfortable symptoms, including shortness of breath and hyperventilating. Whether you have had a single panic attack or have been diagnosed with panic disorder, experiencing shortness of breath can feel incredibly unsettling and frightening. Better understanding shortness of breath and its link to panic attacks and anxiety may help you or a loved one find appropriate resources, support, and strategies that aim to reduce and/or eliminate symptoms....

We hear a lot about behavioral addictions these days — that people can become addicted not only to alcohol or other drugs, but to seemingly innocuous activities such as sex, shopping, video games, gambling, eating, and exercise. But are they really addictions? A central controversy in the field of addiction is whether the so-called “behavioral” addictions—addictions to activities such as eating, exercising, sex, video game playing, and gambling—are real addictions. But concepts of addiction have changed over the years, and experts vary in their understanding of what an addiction is, so until a consensus is reached, the controversy is likely to continue to some extent....

Austedo is a medication used to treat the involuntary movements caused by Huntington’s disease. It works by causing a reduction in the chemicals that cause people living with Huntington’s disease to be overly active. Austedo is currently only available as a brand name drug, there is currently no approved generic version available for purchase. The active ingredient in Austedo is deutetrabenazine and it belongs to a class of drugs called selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors....

When we talk about the consequences of childhood and adolescent bullying, we are often referring to the experience of victims. Children who are bullied come away with mental, and sometimes physical, scars that take time and counseling to overcome. Key Takeaways Information on the consequences of bullying often focuses on outcomes for victims, rather than the bullies, themselves.A meta-analysis of research on the subject found that children who bully their peers are more likely to drink alcohol or use drugs in adulthood....

When people hear that a child is nonverbal, they often think of autism (ASD). While some individuals with ASD are nonverbal, there are a variety of other conditions that cause a child to be nonverbal, pre-verbal, or have emerging or delayed verbal skills, either short-term or long-term. These include non-verbal learning disabilities (NVLD), childhood speech apraxia, and various speech and language disorders. Communication doesn’t always refer to speaking, although it’s still important to speak with your nonverbal child....